Canada - Climate | Britannica (One of the five factors that influence climate.) Web. The processes that formed the Canadian Shield have taken over three billion years to get where it is now. Typical Canadian Shield: pines, lakes, bogs, and rock. Unique geographic features and formations can significantly impact the climate in an area. The average temperature ranges from -15 to -35 celcius. What is the annual precipitation in Canada? Standard reports, Table 4.0, Area (1000 ha) of forest and non-forest land in Canada. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. These belts range in age from 3600 to 2680 million years old. In the northern parts, the climate is very cold. 2 What are the main biomes of Florida? In the United States, the Canadian Shield includes the Adirondack Mountains of northern New York, the northernmost part of Lower Michigan and all of Upper Michigan, northern Wisconsin, and northeastern Minnesota. Not only does Canada have the longest coastline in the world, its also the only country to border three oceans: the Arctic, Atlantic, and the Pacific. During the Pleistocene Epoch, continental ice sheets depressed the land surface (creating Hudson Bay) but also tilted up its northeastern "rim" (the Torngat), scooped out thousands of lake basins, and carried away much of the region's soil. It has over 150 volcanic belts (now deformed and eroded down to nearly flat plains) that range from 600 to 1,200 million years old. Glaciation has left the area with only a thin layer of soil, through which exposures of igneous bedrock resulting from its long volcanic history are frequently visible. As mountains erode, their roots rise and are eroded in turn. Transitional between the tundra and the boreal forests is the Northern Canadian Shield Taiga ecoregion, characterized by low-lying bushes because of the increasingly severe weather and unsuitable soil conditions (WWF, 2001). This is the Athapaskan "land of little sticks" that stretches from Labrador to Alaska and from Siberia to Scandinavia. For example, in Alberta, Canada, it plunges under the mountains and plains to form a foundation under the province and it also stretches to the Western Cordillera in the west and Appalachians in the east, though the formations remain underground (HCF 2007). Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Canadian Shield, one of the worlds largest geologic continental shields, centred on Hudson Bay and extending for 8 million square km (3 million square miles) over eastern, central, and northwestern Canada from the Great Lakes to the Canadian Arctic and into Greenland, with small extensions into northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and New York, U.S. We want to hear from you. The Churchill and Grenville provinces contain deposits of uranium, lead and zinc. In the southern parts, the climate is seasonal; the average temperature in the winter is -. The Canadian Shield is part of an ancient continent called Arctica, which was formed about 2.5 billion years ago during the Neoarchean era. The Boreal Shield ecozone is a main contributor to the Canadian economy not only with its economic activities but also with its pure fresh air, water, food, recreation, and wildlife. When the Greenland section is included, the Canadian Shield is approximately circular, bounded on the northeast by the northeast edge of Greenland, with Hudson Bay in the middle. Canadian Ecozones - Boreal Shield 2016. The North American craton is the bedrock forming the heart of the North American continent and the Canadian Shield is the largest exposed part of the craton's bedrock. Various minerals and precious stones have been mined or continue to be mined on the Shield, including gold, silver, copper, zinc, nickel, iron, uranium and diamonds. If you were to overlay a map of the Canadian Shield with this week's population density map, you would see that Canada's major population centers do not extend into the Shield. in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. The multitude of rivers and lakes throughout the region is caused by the watersheds of the area being so young and in a state of sorting themselves out with the added effect of post-glacial rebound. Throughout the shield, there are many mining towns extracting these minerals. Learn how to manage uncertainty related to greenhouse gas emissions by using emissions scenarios. The Canadian Shield contains some of the oldest rocks on Earth. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. This includes its high and low temperatures, precipitation, and barometric pressure from month to month and year to year. Introduction to Decision Making Using Climate Scenarios, Understanding Ranges in Climate Projections, Understanding Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs). Although these mountains are now heavily eroded, many large mountains still exist in Canada's far north called the Arctic Cordillera. In the northernmost part, a city such as Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, will experience a dry, cold climate most of the year. The population in the Canadian Shield is somewhere around 7 million . Temperate grassland 5. savanna (tropical GL) 6. The Canadian Shield is dominated by the boreal forest ecosystem. Canada's growth rate has been anywhere between 0.8% and 1.2% for the past ten years. Adding TravelTime as Impedance in ArcGIS Network Analyst? To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. Tundras Explained Barren tundra lands are home to hardy flora and fauna and are one of Earths coldest, harshest biomes. The current surface expression of the Shield is one of very thin soil lying on top of the bedrock, with many bare outcrops. What is the climate of Canadian Shield? The underlying rock structure also includes Hudson Bay and the submerged area between North America and Greenland. [16] The Canadian Shield also contains the Mackenzie dike swarm, which is the largest dike swarm known on Earth.[17]. The first was colonial politician Thomas D'Arcy McGee's vision, articulated in 1860, of "one great nationality bound, like the shield of Achilles, by the blue rim of ocean" encompassing "the Western mountains and the crests of Eastern . First Nations-Clothing An Animal Hide 22. The largest, and one of the best known, is Greater Sudbury, Ontario. Explore various training modules and get up to speed on how to incorporate climate data into your decision making process. Climate & Weather Averages in Resolute Bay, Nunavut, Canada The Canadian Shield is so large that the climate varies across it. All rights reserved. At night, desert temperatures fall to an average of -3.9 degrees celsius (about 25 degrees fahrenheit). The rock, or crust, is also known as the North American Craton. Canadian Shield (Plain-Language Summary) Omissions? While the bare rock, thin soils, muskeg and insects of the Shield made living there difficult, the development of resource-based industries, such as mining and forestry, promoted increased settlement. It is considered the first region in North America to be elevated permanently above sea level, not having been subsequently submerged by encroachments of the oceans. Some of the highest producing hydroelectric dams include Churchill Falls, Labrador, and James Bay, Qubec. That is half of the Canadian amount. The Canadian Shield is a collage of Archean plates and accreted juvenile arc terranes and sedimentary basins of the Proterozoic Eon that were progressively amalgamated during the interval 2.451.24 Ga, with the most substantial growth period occurring during the Trans-Hudson orogeny, between c. 1.901.80 Ga.[5] The Canadian Shield was the first part of North America to be permanently elevated above sea level and has remained almost wholly untouched by successive encroachments of the sea upon the continent. Learning from Indigenous people, coureurs de bois, voyageurs and explorers used the birchbark canoe to travel and trade along the Shields many waterways. Of all the biomes with forests, the boreal forest is projected to experience the largest temperature shift. Due to technological advancements, humans have been able to modify their environment and adapt to many different places. The regions climate is intimately tied to its topography, which has many exposed and rocky areas. Spanning the width of North America, Canada is the worlds second largest country after Russia, and home to a diverse topography that ranges from deserts to tundra, plus coastlines that rim not only the Great Lakes but also three of the worlds five oceans. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. According to the triangular graph of physiography, climate, soils and natural . The high pressures and temperatures at those depths provided ideal conditions for mineralization. [13] Much of the granitic rock belongs to the distinctive tonalitetrondhjemitegranodiorite family of rocks, which are characteristic of Archean continental crust. Substantial gold discoveries were also made in Ontario at Kirkland Lake in 1906 and Timmins in 1912, and in Qubec at Rouyn-Noranda in 1920. East of the Shield is the maritime area, separated from the . Historical Climate Data - Climate - Environment and Climate Change Canada Several factorsnamely, the solar elevation angle, day length, and snow coverconspire to produce this cold climate. Summer temperatures in the city are not as hot and the winter temperatures are not as cold as others. Climate is not only wholly dependent on these regions, however. In northeastern Quebec, the giant Manicouagan Reservoir is the site of an extensive hydroelectric project (Manic-cinq, or Manic-5). Meanwhile on the West Coast, the warm and humid ocean currents of the Pacific collide with the coastal mountain range, resulting in orographic, or mountain-caused, rainfall that can exceed 100 inches from the autumn through to the spring. The climate of this ecoregion is low to high subarctic, characterized by short, cool summers and very cold winters. Many of Canada's major ore deposits are associated with Precambrian volcanoes. boreal climate The climate associated with the boreal (taiga) forest zone of Eurasia, where it extends to 6570N in the west and 50N in the east, and North America, where it extends from the fringe of the tundra southwards to 55N in the east. Summer daytime high temperatures are typically cool to warm20 to 25 C (68 to 77 F)for much of the growing season in the taiga. 4 degrees F (-18 degrees C), and in the summer it is 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Boreal Forest 3. The Canadian Shield only came into terminological being in the 1880s. In 2008, researchers estimated rock found on the northern shore of Hudson Bay, 40 km south of Inukjuak, to be 4.28 billion years old. This region does overlap other regions of Canada, including the Cordillera and the Canadian Shield. Deciduous trees include red and mountain maple; white and paper birch; trembling aspen; black ash; and balsam poplar. The southern temperate regions receive up to 1016mm (40) of rainfall evenly throughout the year.
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